Effect of water temperature and growth variation on the sex ratio of experimentally reared eels     

K. Holmgren 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1996,5(4):203-212

In a controlled experiment, elvers (Anguilla anguilla L.) were reared for 137 weeks at 17, 20 and 26°C. Most eels with macroscopically sexable gonads were males. The proportions of females were 14% of sexable individuals at 26°C and 7–8% at 17 and 20°C. During the first 15 weeks, 20–50% of initial numbers were lost, but this early mortality was not significantly size selective. In spite of a long term experiment, a significant number of the survivors never attained a sexable size. Nongrowers (7–9 cm) were still alive nearly three years after being caught as glass eels. Among the earliest fast growers, 5% females, or less, were found. The proportion of females increased in later grading groups, but the pattern of increase did not indicate that males and females have separated mean ranks in a fixed growth hierarchy. Water temperature influenced observed sex ratios, but probably not through direct influence on the sex differentiation. Some alternative hypotheses, dealing with population density and individual growth status, are discussed.  相似文献   

山药染色体制片技术的优化     

周翼虎  ;霍秀文  ;刘向宇  ;邰丽华  ;苗慧琴  ;张灵超 《中国园艺文摘》2014,(8):7-10

山药(Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)为药食兼用的常见蔬菜,而其染色体的研究相对滞后。以根尖为试验材料,分别考察不同的取材方式、预处理试剂、预处理方法以及解离方式对山药染色体制片效果的影响,筛选优化制片的关键技术,以期为今后细胞学研究打下基础。结果表明:室内基质培养块茎(或零余子)的方式获取的根尖中中期分裂相个数最多,且染色体分散良好的中期分裂相占的比例最高;适合于山药核型分析的预处理试剂为8-羟基喹啉同秋水仙素的混合液、8-羟基喹啉溶液,其中8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理后染色体缢痕更清晰,为最好的预处理试剂;预处理方法以低温4℃下2 mmol/L的8-羟基喹啉预处理2 h最好;采用酸解加酶解的方式解离效果明显好于单用酸解的方式,并且得到的制片中染色体形态清晰,96.3%的中期细胞的染色体分布于同一个水平面上。  相似文献   

The cytochrome P450 system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): II. Variations in hepatic catalytic activities and isozyme patterns during an annual reproductive cycle     

Håvard E. Larsen  Malin Celander  Anders Goksøyr 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(4):291-301

A group of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was followed through their first year of maturation and spawning. At monthly intervals, starting with juvenile fish in December, 5–7 fish of each sex were killed, and liver and plasma were sampled. The last sampling point was of spawning fish in November a year later. Variables in the cytochrome P450 (P450) system were studied in hepatic microsomes, and estradiol 17 was measured in the plasma of females to assess the maturational status. The P450 1A1-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) started at high levels in winter, but decreased to non-detectable activities in pre-spawning females. Decreases, but not to the same extent, were also observed during this period in total cytochrome P450, cytochrome b₅, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and in the content of two immunochemically determined P450 isozymes. At the same time, LSI levels increased in maturing females (starting in July), and GSI levels increased in both sexes (starting in May). Sex specific differences were observed in pre-spawning fish in September and October, with levels of total P450, b₅, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, EROD and P450 isozymes significantly lower in females. At the same time, plasma estradiol-17 levels reached peak values in females. The results point to the important role of sex steroids such as estradiol-17 as major factors in the regulation of final sexual maturation. However, this study also indicates that there may be estradiol-17 independent events of equal importance in the early stages of gonadal maturation that may involve the P450 system. The changes observed in the P450 system (as a major drug and steroid metabolizing system) of Atlantic salmon during sexual maturation may be of importance both in the endogenous transduction of hormonal signals, and as a pharmacological basis for designing therapeutic treatment of diseases in the aquaculture industry.Parts of this work were presented at the 5th International Symposium on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants, April 1989 in Plymouth, United Kingdom (Larsen and Goks\/oyr 1989).  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹副性征的研究     

张渡娥 《淡水渔业》1992,(5)

在解剖、测量性成熟和未成熟中华绒螯蟹外部形态和性腺之基础上,试用“双百分率法”和“差异显著性检测法”对中华绒螯蟹的副性征进行了研究。结果表明,性成熟后的雌、雄中华绒螯蟹均具有较明显的副性征。  相似文献   

Environmental sex determination, external sex differentiation and structure of the androgenic gland in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)     

Rafael Campos-Ramos  Rodolfo Garza-Torres  Danitzia A Guerrero-Tortolero  Alejandro M Maeda-Martínez  & Hortencia Obregón-Barboza 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(15):1583-1593

  相似文献   

Effects of (D-Ala6, Pro9N ethylamide) — LHRH on plasma levels of gonadotropin, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and testosterone in male goldeye (hiodon alosoides Rafineque)     

N. W. Pankhurst  G. van der Kraak  R. E. Peter  B. Breton 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1986,1(3):163-170

Male goldeye were treated with (D-Ala⁶, Pro⁹-N ethylamide) — LHRH (LHRH-A) in saline or a silastic pellet (100 µg.kg^–1 body weight) and changes in plasma gonadotropin (GtH), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20P) and testosterone (T) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. LHRH-A increased plasma GtH levels, with the response to LHRH-A in saline being of much greater magnitude and duration than the response to silastic pellet implants. Seasonal differences were found in the response to LHRH-A. Spermiated fish were the most responsive, recrudescing fish the least, and regressed fish displayed an intermediate response. Plasma 17,20P levels were elevated in response to LHRHA in fish of all sexual stages although the magnitude of the increase was not related to the magnitude of the increase in GtH levels. Treatment with LHRH-A also resulted in a transitory increase in plasma T levels. The endocrine control of GtH and steroid secretion in goldeye is discussed in relation to studies in cyprinids and salmonids. Address for reprint requests: Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada.  相似文献   

江南油杉种质资源与苗木繁殖研究动态与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋燚  王勇  刘菲  刘雄盛  何应会 《广西林业科学》2014,43(3):301-305

通过相关资料的查阅与收集,对江南油杉在我国天然种群资源的分布进行分析研究,揭示了江南油杉自然繁衍对生境的需求、过度砍伐利用是导致其濒危的原因,分析自然种群生境、染色体核型研究、育苗技术和引种驯化等方面的研究现状,以实现江南油杉资源保护与合理利用,并进一步研究江南油杉的人工林栽培技术和高效繁殖技术。  相似文献   

2013年杭州市萧山区松墨天牛成虫林间种群动态的监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏天风  黄俊  诸尧兴  李明江  张娟 《广东林业科技》2014,30(2):72-74

2013年4—10月对浙江省杭州市萧山地区南部马尾松与松阔次生混交林林中松墨天牛的种群数量动态进行了监测,结果表明,松墨天牛在萧山地区南部松林中1年只发生1代,成虫活动期为5月中旬至9月下旬,6月下旬为成虫羽化高峰期,2个监测点所诱获的松墨天牛成虫种群个体的雌、雄性比为1.51:1和1.73:1。  相似文献   

蓖麻内源乙烯释放率与性型关系初步研究     

文淡悠  施玉珍  陆建农  殷学贵  谢江辉  刘臣刘帅郑军 《广东农业科学》2014,41(11):20-24

为了探究内源乙烯与蓖麻性别的关系,以蓖麻雌性自交系 YC2-S 及其姊妹两性自交系 YC2-F 为材料, 用气相色谱法测定了不同时期叶片内源乙烯释放率的变化。 结果表明院从三叶期到开花期,雌性系内源乙烯释放率呈 倒野S冶型变化,即从三叶期的 137. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h下降到五叶期的 17. 5 滋L/ kg 窑 h,然后缓慢上升,现蕾期达到 40. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h,开 花期再降至 26. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h;两性系呈野U冶型变化,即从三叶期的 149. 8 滋L/ kg 窑 h下降到五叶期的 18. 4 滋L/ kg 窑 h,然后持 续上升,到开花期达到 226. 3 滋L/ kg 窑 h。 二者在六叶期以前没有差异,六叶期后,前者先升后降,后者持续上升,现蕾期 差异显著、开花期差异极显著。 证明乙烯是蓖麻性型决定的关键因素之一。  相似文献   

性外激素诱发中华乌塘鳢产卵的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

洪万树 《水产学报》2004,28(3):225-230

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P<0.05);贮精囊提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量分别显著高于精巢提取液和卵巢提取液(P<0.05);提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量均依次为贮精囊提取液>精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。  相似文献